Streptococcus pneumoniae, which is typically found in the respiratory tract, sinuses and nasal cavity, can cause pneumococcal meningitis. Meningitis is an inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. The inflammation may be caused by infection with viruses, bacteria, or other microorganisms, and less commonly by certain drugs. Meningitis is a life threatening condition that requires prompt recognition and treatment.