This test is useful for prenatal screening to detect Open Neural Tube Defects (NTDs). Measuring maternal serum AFP is a common tool in pregnancy care to identify potential risks for NTDs. It is also helpful in monitoring cancer treatment, especially in cases of testicular tumors, ovarian tumors, and liver cancer. The test is often used along with the Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) test for better accuracy.