The NT-proBNP test measures levels of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, a precursor peptide released by the heart under conditions of pressure overload or volume expansion. High NT-proBNP levels can indicate ventricular strain and are useful markers in diagnosing and assessing congestive heart failure (CHF) severity. The New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification system helps categorize CHF stages, correlating with NT-proBNP levels and patient symptoms.