17-ketosteroids are byproducts of androgen breakdown, produced by the adrenal glands in both sexes and by the testes in males. Elevated 24-hour urinary 17-ketosteroid levels are linked to conditions such as adrenal tumors, Cushing syndrome, ovarian and testicular cancer, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Lower levels are associated with Addison's disease, hypopituitarism, myxedema, nephrosis, and castration.