The free T4 (serum) test measures the level of free thyroxine (T4) in the blood, which is an unbound hormone produced by the thyroid gland. Free T4 plays a key role in regulating metabolism, energy levels, and overall growth. This test is commonly used to evaluate thyroid function and diagnose conditions like hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. By assessing free T4 levels, it helps determine whether the thyroid is overactive or underactive, guiding further diagnostic or treatment plans.