SODIUM AND POTASSIUM

Sodium plays a central role in maintaining the normal distribution of water and the osmotic pressure in the extracellular fluid compartment. Hyponatremia (Low Sodium) is a predictable consequence of decreased intake of sodium. Occurs in nephrotic syndrome, hypoproteinemia, primary and secondary adrenocortical insufficiency, and congestive heart failure. Hypernatremia (high sodium) is often attributable to excessive loss of sodium-poor body fluids. associated with Hypercalcemia and Hypokalemia and is seen in Liver disease, Cardiac failure, Pregnancy, burns, and osmotic diuresis. Ref. value: > or =1 year: 135-145 mmol/L. Potassium is the major cation of the intracellular fluid. Disturbance of potassium homeostasis has serious consequences. Decreases in extracellular potassium are characterized by muscle weakness, irritability, and eventual paralysis. Hypokalemia (low potassium) is common in Vomiting, Diarrhea, Alcoholism, and Folic Acid deficiency. Abnormally high extracellular potassium levels produce symptoms of mental confusion; weakness, numbness, and tingling of the extremities; weakness of the respiratory muscles; flaccid paralysis of the extremities; slowed heart rate; and eventually peripheral vascular collapse and cardiac arrest. Potassium should be monitored during treatment of many conditions but especially in diabetic ketoacidosis and any intravenous therapy for fluid replacement.

The Blood Sample for Sodium and Potassium Test is taken in following steps:

• The area where the needle will be inserted to take your blood is cleaned with an antiseptic alcohol wipe. The hollow on the inside side of the elbow or the tip of the finger are the most common sites for this.
• A tourniquet or a band is tied around your upper arm to facilitate the access to the vein in your arm.
• A needle is used to puncture your vein. The blood sample is collected into a test tube attached to the needle. The needle may cause a small pinch or sting when it is inserted.
• Once the vial or test tube is filled, the blood sample collection for the test is finished and the needle is taken out.
• Finger pressure is applied on the puncture site to stop the bleeding and the band aid is applied at the site.

The Sodium and Potassium Test is advised for following analysis:

• Detecting, evaluating, and monitoring electrolyte imbalances and/or acid-base (pH) imbalances (acidosis or alkalosis)
• Detecting the cause and help in monitoring the treatment if you have dehydration or excess fluid buildup (edema)
• Help in evaluating and monitoring a variety of chronic or acute illnesses involving the brain, lungs, liver, heart, kidney, thyroid, or adrenal glands
• Monitoring if you are taking medications that can affect sodium levels, such as diuretics

• Go to the Dr. B. Lal Lab website.
• Go to the “Book a test” tab.
• Select the “Lab Test” tab.
• Type “Sodium and Potassium Test” in the search bar.
• Click on the test.
• The test page with all the test details will show up.
• Click on “Book Now”.
• Login and verify your mobile number with OTP.
• Now enter your details. 
• Select date & time for booking an Sodium and Potassium Test in Jaipur. 
• Check out.

The following are a few signs that could indicate an Sodium and Potassium Test: 

• Weakness 
• Fatigue
• Irregular heartbeat
• Muscle twitching
• Cramps
• Paralysis
• Nausea 
• Vomiting

• Sodium: The electrolyte with a positively charged sodium ion is essential for controlling the body's fluid balance. Additionally, it promotes regular muscle and nerve function.
• Potassium: Numerous Cell, Muscle, and Nerve functions depend on this positively charged potassium ion.

• Unless otherwise directed by your doctor, there is no need for you to make any special preparations before the Sodium and Potassium Test. 
• Other blood tests can be carried out in addition to an Sodium and Potassium Test. If your doctor advises you to have multiple tests at once, they may ask you to fast for a specific period of time prior to a blood test.
• Drink adequate water before sample collection.

The values of Sodium and Potassium are reported in the millie equivalents per liter (mEq/L) or millimoles per liter (mmol/L). Following are the normal ranges for these electrolytes:

• Sodium: 136 to 144 mmol/L
• Potassium: 3.7 to 5.1 mmol/L

Following interpretations can be made from an Sodium and Potassium Test:

• High Sodium (Hypernatremia): May indicate dehydration, Kidney issues, or high Salt intake
• Low Sodium (Hyponatremia): Can be a sign of Kidney dysfunction, Heart failure, or excessive water intake
• High Potassium (Hyperkalemia): May suggest Kidney failure, tissue damage, or certain medications
• Low Potassium (Hypokalemia): Often associated with dehydration, excessive sweating, or use of diuretics

The Price of an Sodium and Potassium Test is  Rs. 450. However, cost of the test may fluctuate depending on following factors:

• Other tests advised along with Sodium and Potassium Test
• Offers or discounts
• Empanelment of the patient