Ascites is a condition in which fluid collects in spaces within your abdomen. If severe, ascites may be painful. The problem may keep you from moving around comfortably. Ascites happens when pressure builds up in the veins of your liver and it doesnt work as it should. These two problems usually are caused by another condition -- cirrhosis, heart or kidney failure, cancer, or an infection. The fluid is eighter transudate or exudate.