17-ketosteroids are substances that form when the body breaks down male steroid sex hormones called androgens and other hormones released by the adrenal glands in males and females, and by the testes in males. Increases in levels of 24-hour urinary 17-ketosteroids are associated with the following: Adrenal tumors, Cushing syndrome, Ovarian cancer, Testicular cancer, Polycystic ovarian syndrome & Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (rare). Decreases in levels of 24-hour urinary 17-ketosteroids are associated with the following: Addison disease, Hypopituitarism, Myxedema, Nephrosis & Castration