The measurement of antithrombin III activity is important in diagnosing and monitoring certain medical conditions, such as thrombosis (excessive blood clotting) and assessing the effectiveness of anticoagulant therapies.This assay is useful to diagnose acquired or congenital antithrombin deficiency. It is also used to monitor treatment of antithrombin deficiency disorders including infusion of antithrombin therapeutic concentrate. Elevated levels of ATA may be associated with advancing age, pregnancy, septicemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, multiple traumas, acute pancreatitis, acute and chronic leukemia, preëclampsia, acute and chronic liver disease, and other predisposing causes of thrombosis. Increased levels are also reported during heparin and fibrinolytic therapy. ATA levels are markedly reduced in the first 24 hours after receiving oral anticoagulants.