Overview
Urinalysis is used to detect and manage conditions like urinary tract infections, kidney disease, and diabetes. It examines the urine's appearance, concentration, and contents, with signs such as cloudy urine indicating infection, high protein levels signaling kidney disease, and elevated glucose levels suggesting diabetes.
What is the Urine Complete Examination ?
It's used to detect and manage a wide range of disorders, such as Urinary Tract Infections, Kidney disease and Diabetes. A Urinalysis involves checking the appearance, concentration and content of Urine. For example, a Urinary Tract infection can make Urine look cloudy instead of clear. Increased levels of Protein in Urine can be a sign of Kidney disease, Increase Urine Glucose can be found in Diabetes mellitus.
What is the Purpose of the Urine Complete Examination ?
A Urinalysis Test's objective is to look for any unusual characteristics in the color or composition of your Urine. It is often advised to screen for, identify, and keep track of a variety of medical conditions, including Kidney issues, Diabetes, and Urinary Tract Infections.
- Screening: It helps in detecting health issues before the appearance of symptoms appear, allowing for earlier treatment. A urinalysis test is often advised to assess the health of the liver and kidneys because certain problems with these organs may not show symptoms at first. During a pre-surgery assessment or pregnancy check-up, urinalysis can also be used as a screening tool for underlying health issues. This helps to lower the risk of complications down the road by identifying any undiagnosed health issues.
- Diagnosis: A urinalysis may be recommended by a doctor to help in identifying the cause of any changes in your urine or other symptoms that may indicate liver or kidney issues. Urinalysis is useful in the diagnosis of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and other disorders affecting the urinary system.
- Monitoring: It may be advised periodically over time to observe the effectiveness of the treatment or to see if the severity of a condition has altered.
When is a Urine Complete Examination Recommended ?
If you have following symptoms, then Urine Complete Examination is advised:
- Frequent urination
- Pain or burning sensation while urinating
- Cloudy or discolored urine
- Foul-smelling urine
- Lower abdominal or back pain
- Blood in the urine (hematuria)
- Unexplained fever or chills
- Swelling in the legs or around the eyes
- Difficulty in urination
Components of Urine Complete Examination
Physical Examination
- Appearance
- Color
- Specific Gravity
- pH
Chemical Examination
- Glucose
- Ketone
- Protein
- Bilirubin
- Urobilinogen
- Occult Blood
- Nitrite
Microscopic Examination
- Red Blood Cells
- White Blood Cells (Pus Cells)
- Epithelial Cells
- Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Crystals
- Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate Crystals
- Triple Phosphate Crystals
- Uric Acid Crystals
- Cystine Crystals
- Leucine Crystals
- Tyrosine Crystals
- Amorphous Crystals - Urate
- Amorphous Crystals - Phosphate
- Hyaline Casts
- Pathological Casts
- Hyaline-Granular Casts
- Granular Casts
- RBC Casts
- WBC Casts
- Fatty Casts
- Waxy Casts
- Yeast Cell
- Spermatozoa
Interpreting the Urine Complete Examination Results
Physical Examination: During this examination, the appearance of the urine is evaluated for the following attributes:
- Appearance: Urine should be clear in appearance. Cloudy urine may suggest the presence of infection, protein, or other abnormalities.
- Color: The color of normal urine ranges from pale yellow to deep amber. Darker or red-tinted urine may indicate dehydration or the presence of blood.
- Specific Gravity: This measures the concentration of the urine. While a lower value indicates diluted urine, a higher specific gravity indicates concentrated urine, which often results due to dehydration.
- pH: This value indicates the pH of urine, determining the acidity or alkalinity of the urine. A higher pH suggests infections or certain kidney conditions, while a lower pH suggests metabolic disturbance.
Chemical Examination
- Glucose: This value exhibits the amount of sugar (glucose) in your urine, indicating diabetes or gestational diabetes.
- Ketone: This value is used to check for diabetes-related ketoacidosis.
- Protein: This value indicates the presence of proteins, like albumin, in your pee. Heart failure, kidney damage (often from high blood pressure or diabetes), overexertion and dehydration can result in elevated protein levels.
- Bilirubin: This is urine pigment that is normally absent in urine, but its presence can indicate liver diseases bile duct obstruction.
- Urobilinogen: This pigment is normally present in small amounts, increased levels may suggest liver disorders or hemolytic diseases.
- Occult Blood: This helps in detecting hidden blood in urine, which may indicate kidney damage, infection, or urinary tract injuries.
- Nitrite: Its presence indicates bacteria in your urinary tract can create nitrites. A positive nitrite test result can mean you have a UTI.
Microscopic Examination
- Red Blood Cells: Presence of RBCs may indicate bleeding in the urinary tract due to infection, trauma, or stones.
- White Blood Cells (Pus Cells): An elevated count indicates infection or inflammation in the urinary tract or kidneys.
- Epithelial Cells: Urine normally contains some epithelial cells from your urinary tract. These can be transitional epithelial cells, renal tubular cells, or squamous epithelial cells. The increase in count of these cells in your urinary tract indicate infection, inflammation or cancer. If squamous epithelial cells are found in your urine, it probably means your sample was contaminated from another part of your body.
- Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Crystals: These crystals can be seen in cases of kidney stones or excessive oxalate consumption, possibly related to ethylene glycol poisoning.
- Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate Crystals: These crystals are normally present in normal urine, but high amounts may indicate risk for kidney stones.
- Triple Phosphate Crystals: These crystals are normally found in alkaline urine and associated with urinary tract infections or kidney stones.
- Uric Acid Crystals: These crystals are normally seen in acidic urine, and may be linked to conditions like gout or high purine intake.
- Cystine Crystals: Their presence suggests a rare genetic disorder called cystinuria, which leads to kidney stones.
- Leucine Crystals: The presence of these crystals is indicative of severe liver disease, such as cirrhosis or liver failure.
- Tyrosine Crystals: These crystals are found in the urine of liver disease patients, especially those involving protein metabolism issues.
- Amorphous Crystals - Urate: These crystals are found in acidic urine, usually not clinically significant, but can occur with dehydration or gout.
- Amorphous Crystals - Phosphate: These crystals are present in alkaline urine, generally harmless but can form kidney stones in large amounts.
- Hyaline Casts: These casts are normally present but are often benign, formed from a protein secreted by kidney cells during dehydration or exercise.
- Pathological Casts: These casts indicate serious kidney disease when present, showing a structural or functional abnormality in the kidneys.
- Hyaline-Granular Casts: These casts are a combination of hyaline and granular material, often associated with chronic kidney disease.
- Granular Casts: Presence of these casts usually suggest kidney damage or chronic kidney disease and form from degenerated cellular material.
- RBC Casts: Presence of these casts indicate glomerular diseases, such as glomerulonephritis, often resulting in kidney damage.
- WBC Casts: The presence of these casts are indicative of kidney inflammation or infection, commonly seen in pyelonephritis or interstitial nephritis.
- Fatty Casts: The presence of these casts happens in nephrotic syndrome, where fat particles accumulate in the kidneys.
- Waxy Casts: These casts are seen in advanced kidney disease or chronic kidney failure.
- Yeast Cells: Occurrence of these casts in urine may indicate a fungal infection, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
- Spermatozoa: These are sometimes found in male urine after ejaculation. It is generally not a sign of any health issue unless in unexpected cases.
Preparation for Urine Complete Examination
- Unless otherwise directed by your doctor, there is no need for you to make any special preparations before the Urine Complete Examination.
- You might be advised to have a glass of water 15 to 20 minutes prior to the sample collection, or you might be asked to refrain from urinating for at least an hour before the test in order to produce enough urine for the test.
- You might be instructed to collect the first urine you void in the morning.
- The findings of the test may be impacted by antibiotics you took before. Inform the medical professional if you have taken antibiotics lately.
- Follow the preparatory instructions as guided by your doctor
How is the Urine Complete Examination Done ?
For a Urine Sample, you need to get your sample collected in a clean Urine container provided by the lab.
How to Schedule A Urine Complete Examination with Dr. B. Lal Lab ?
- Go to the Dr. B. Lal Lab website.
- Go to the “Book a test” tab.
- Select the “Lab Test” tab.
- Type “Urine Complete Examination” in the search bar.
- Click on the test.
- The test page with all the test details will show up.
- Click on “Book Now”.
- Login and verify your mobile number with OTP.
- Now enter your details.
- Select date & time for booking Urine Complete Examination in Jaipur.
- Check out.
What is the Cost of a Urine Complete Examination ?
The Price of a Urine Complete Examination is Rs. 180. However, cost of the test may fluctuate depending on following factors:
- Other tests advised along with Urine Complete Examination
- Offers or discounts
- Empanelment of the patient
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